Potential energy free essay sample

When a sphere moves through a fluid slowly, it usually experiences a drag force. This force is determined by the radius of the sphere r, the speed of the sphere v, and the viscosity of the fluid ? (in the unit of [kg/(m†¢s)]). Using dimensional analysis, determine how the force depends on these factors. 2. Three vectors A, B, and C add together to yield zero: A + B + C = 0. The vectors A and C point in opposite directions and their magnitudes are related by the expression: A = 2C. Which one of the following conclusions is correct? a) b) c) d) e) A and B have equal magnitudes and point in opposite directions. B and C have equal magnitudes and point in the same direction. B and C have equal magnitudes and point in opposite directions. A and B point in the same direction, but A has twice the magnitude of B. We will write a custom essay sample on Potential energy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page B and C point in the same direction, but C has twice the magnitude of B. B 6. 4 m 5. 4 m 3. A toolbox is carried from the base of a ladder at point A to a scaffold 5. 0 m above the ground at point B as shown in the figure. What is the magnitude of the displacement of the toolbox in its movement from point A to point B? a) b) c) d) e) 15 m 19 m 8. 1 m 11 m 13 m 7. 6 m 6. 6 m A 4. Given mass m, height h, gravitational acceleration constant g, time t, which one of the following is a dimensionless parameter? a) mg/ht b) h/gt c) h/gt2 d) mh/gt2 e) mh/gt 5. A ball hangs from a string attached to the ceiling. What is the net force acting on the ball? a) The net force is downward. b) The net force is upward. c) The net force is zero. 6. You put your book on the bus seat next to you. When the bus stops suddenly, the book slides forward off the seat. In the reference frame of the ground, which of the following is correct? a) b) c) d) e) A net force acted on it. No net force acted on it. It remained at rest. It did not move, but only seemed to. Gravity briefly stopped acting on it. 7. Consider a cart on a horizontal frictionless table. Once the cart has been given a push in the x-direction and released, what will happen to the cart? a) b) c) d) e) It slowly comes to a stop. It continues with constant acceleration. It continues with decreasing acceleration. It continues with constant velocity. It immediately comes to a stop. 8. Off to the Races: F v From rest, we step on the gas of our Ferrari, providing a force F for 4s, speeding it up to a final speed v. If the applied force were only 1/2 F, how long would it have to be applied to reach the same final speed? a) 16s b) 8s c) 4s d) 2s e) 1s 9. Two blocks of the same mass are connected by a string and are pulled across a frictionless surface by a constant force. Will the two blocks move with constant velocity? a) Yes, both blocks move with constant velocity. b) No, both blocks move with constant acceleration. ) The two blocks will have different velocities and/or accelerations. 10. Referring to figure in Q9, will the tension in the connecting string be greater than, less than, or equal to the force F ? a) Greater than. b) Less than. c) Equal to. 11. Force and Two Masses: F m1 a1 a2 = 2a1 F m2 F m2 m1 a3 A force F acts on mass m1 giving acceleration a1. The same force acts on a different mass m2 giving acceleration a2 = 2a1. If m1 and m2 are glued together and the same force F acts on this combination, what is the resulting acceleration? a) 3/4 a1 b) 3/2 a1 c) 1/2 a1 d) 4/3 a1 e) 2/3 a1 12. Bowling vs. Ping-Pong I: F12 F21 In outer space, a bowling ball and a ping-pong ball attract each other due to gravitational forces. How do the magnitudes of these attractive forces compare? a) b) c) d) e) The bowling ball exerts a greater force on the ping-pong ball. The ping-pong ball exerts a greater force on the bowling ball. The forces are equal in magnitude. The forces are zero because they cancel out. There are actually no forces at all. 13. Bowling vs. Ping-Pong II: In outer space, gravitational forces exerted by a bowling ball and a ping-pong ball on each other are equal and opposite. How do their accelerations compare? a) b) c) d) e) They do not accelerate because they are weightless. Accelerations are equal, but not opposite. Accelerations are opposite, but bigger for the bowling ball. Accelerations are opposite, but bigger for the ping-pong ball. Accelerations are equal and opposite. 14. A ball tied to a string is being whirled around in a circle. What can you say about the work done by tension? T v a) Tension does no work at all. b) Tension does negative work. c) Tension does positive work. 15. You lift a book with your hand in such a way that it moves up at constant speed. While it is moving, what is the total work done on the book? ?r FHAND v = const a=0 mg a) b) c) d) e) mg ? ?r FHAND ? ?r (FHAND + mg) ? ?r Zero None of the above. 16. Two paths lead to the top of a big hill. One is steep and direct, while the other is twice as long but less steep. How much more potential energy would you gain if you take the longer path? a) b) c) d) e) The same as the short path. Twice as much. Four times as much. Half as much. No PE gained in either case. 17. A hole is drilled through the center of Earth and emerges on the other side. You jump into the hole. What will happen to you? Hint: Inside earth, when you are at a distance r away from the center, the gravitational force on you is just the force due to your body mass and the earth mass of sphere of radius r from the center. ) a) b) c) d) You fall to the center and stop. You go all the way through and continue off into space. You fall to the other side of Earth and then return. You won’t fall at all. 18. A proton and an electron are held apart a distance of 1 m and then released. As they approach each other, what will happen to the force between them? a) It gets bigger. b) It gets smaller. c) It stays the same. 19. Continuing from Q18, which particle has the larger acceleration at any time? a) Proton. b) Electron. c) Both the same. 20. Continuing from Q19, where would they meet? a) In the middle. b) Closer to the electron’s side. c) Closer to the proton’s side. 21. Considering a vibrating pendulum as shown in the figure. i) At which of the above time is the kinetic energy a maximum? ii) At which of the above time is the potential energy a maximum? iii) At which of the above time is kinetic energy being transformed to potential energy? iv) At which of the above time is potential energy being transformed to kinetic energy?

buy custom The Mexican American Generation essay

buy custom The Mexican American Generation essay During the Second World War, there were about 500,000 Mexican American men who were drafted into or who volunteered to serve in the American army. The Mexican Americans who served in the American army won the highest number of Congressional Medal of Honors that any minority group in America had ever won. This showed the dedication with which the Mexican Americans served the American Army. The Mexican American women also worked in the home front and they supported the war effort and at the same time made money for themselves and their families (Rivas-Rodriguez 32). Many Mexican Americans also found jobs in factories in the US through the Bracero program. This helped sustain the American economy during the war. The memory of Mexican Americans who served in the war was preserved as their names were written on ships and in parks, among other places. There were however different kinds of discrimination against the Mexican American veterans, including discrimination in housing, employment and education. The Mexican Americans however had several reasons why they supported the American Army during the War, one of them being that they wanted to prove their patriotism. Mexican Americans and the Second World WarMexican Americans participated in the home front and in the military front during the Second World War. In this way they contributed to the victory of the US in the Second World War. Bellafaire explains that during the War several Mexican American Women joined the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Services (WAVES) and the Womens Auxiliary Corps (WAACs). In these organizations the women served as nurses and administrators, mostly helping wounded American soldiers. The women also worked in factories where war ammunitions were manufactured. They also worked in shipyards where they repaired cargo ships. Some women even worked as airplane mechanics. There were also Mexican American entertainers who entertained the troops in order to boost their morale. Mexican Americans also migrated to urban areas such as California in order to do more war related jobs. There were also about 200,000 Mexican Americans who came into America through the Bracero s program (Gamboa 378). This program was negotiated between the US and Mexican governments, in the Bracero Treaty and it saw thousands of Mexicans immigrate to America in search of greener pastures. The Mexicans who came in through the program mainly worked in the agricultural sector. This meant that America still had food despite the war. In the different military units there were approximately 500,000 Mexican Americans who were serving therein. Hundreds of these soldiers won Congressional Medals of Honor and Silver and Bronze Stars for their braveness. Those Mexican Americans who could not afford to reach recruiting stations to enlist to join the army, borrowed money from their families and travelled all the way to the nearest cities in order to enlist. Thousands enlisted in cities such as Chicago, Detroit and Milwaukee, and most young Mexican Americans from the Midwest served in the army. The young Mexican American men influenced each other to join the Army, Marines and Navy thus increasing the number of troops. It is stipulated that some young men lied about their age in order to be able to serve in the military. Many of the Mexican Americans who served in the American army identified themselves as defenders of democratic organization. There are several reasons why the Mexican Americans helped the US win the Second World War. First of all many of those who had immigrated into the country wanted to prove that they were patriotic to America. They also wanted to be afforded civil rights just like the whites. The Mexican Americans also wanted to acquire voting rights, new homes, better employment and education. This is because as the Mexicans wer migrating into America they were not recognized as equals to the whites in the country. They were paid low wages and worked under extremely dire conditions. By fighting in the war, the Mexican Americans wanted to show that they did deserve to be called Americans and furthermore that they had earned the right. Most Mexican Americans wanted to enjoy the American dream, seeing as conditions in Mexico were not as conducive as they were in America. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor the Mexican government also sympathized with America and gave them support. This saw many Mexican Ame ricans also support the American army. The Mexican Americans had a lot to gain from the victory of the United States. They mostly depended on the economy of the US with most Mexican Americans working in America. They therefore saw that it was necessary to assist in the victory by enlisting and volunteering to join the army. Mexican American veterans and youth unfortunately faced racial discrimination during the Second World War. The discrimination was from the employers and also the locals. The most memorable form of discrimination against Mexican Americans was seen in the Zoot-Suit Riots of Los Angeles. The term Zoot-Suit came from the clothing that was worn by most Mexican Americans in the 40s. The Zoot-Suit Riots began when a dispute arose between some Caucasian sailors and a group of Mexican Americans and the Mexican Americans set upon the whites. This sparked a spree of attacks on Mexican Americans. For a period of several days soldiers, civilians and sailors set upon Mexican Americans beating them up, stripping their clothes and shaving their heads. It was reported that the police did not arrest the situation; instead of arresting the attackers, they arrested the Mexican Americans who had been beaten up. The military eventually intercepted the violence and one newspaper, The Eagle Rock Advertiser, was reported to bemoan the interference of the military, stating that the locals were enjoying teaching the Mexicans a lesson (McWilliams 169). During the migration of the Mexicans during the Bracero program many Mexican Americans moved to America and were engaged in among other things building of the railroad. The Mexican Americans who worked on the railroad were living in squalor in box car camps and they were segregated from the rest of the population. The Mexican Americans were also not able to access quality healthcare, legal aid, education or housing. Mexican American soldiers who were returning from abroad were denied equal opportunities in education, housing and voting rights. The Mexican Americans who did not speak English also had a problem since there were no translators. Another problem was that Mexican Americans were only given temporary contracts to work in America. The Mexican Americans were expected to go back to their homes in Mexico at the end of their contracts. The American army was also segregated and most Mexican Americans veterans recounted their experiences stating that they were treated harshly by the drill instructors. When the Mexican American soldiers returned from war they faced worse discrimination than they had previously experienced before they left. Lopez (12) explains that Mexican Americans workers were only paid 2 dollars per day while their white counterparts were paid up to 18 dollars. In some areas in Texas, eating places were marked with signs that emphasized that no Mexicans were allowed in. The famous case of Felix Longoria demonstrated the unfortunate discrimination that Mexican American veterans underwent (Guglielmo 1212). Felix Longoria was a Mexican American who fought in the Philippines. When he was killed there, his remains were brought back to Texas. The director of the funeral home in Texas refused for Longorias mass to be held in the chapel as he alleged that there had been previous disturbances by Mexican Amer icans. He was also rreported to have claimed that the whites in the neighborhood would not like it if the funeral mass for Private Felix Longoria was held in the chapel. This case caught the attention of then Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, who later became US President. The Texas House of Representatives also organized a committee to look into the Longoria case. The report from the Committee however concluded that there was no discrimination on the part of the funeral director. This was clearly a misjudgment as discrimination had clearly been manifested. It was also noted that there was segregation at the Three Rivers Cemetery in Texas such that the place where Mexican Americans were buried was fenced with barbed wire. Between 1940 and 1965 acts of anti Mexican discrimination were widespread. This is because the Mexicans began fighting for their civil rights. The Mexicans believed that they had earned the right to be in America through their hard work during the Second World War. Most Mexican Americans had also proved their loyalty and most people began to notice this especially in the southwest. This was shown by the Congressional Medal of Honors that had been awarded to the Mexican American veterans who had served in the Second World War. The efforts of the veterans were recognized and it was noted that the Mexican Americans ought to be embraced instead of being discriminated against. The GI Forum civil rights organization also contributed to more acts against Mexican discrimination in the southwest. This is because this organization advocated for civil rights of Mexican Americans. The organization was established in Texas where there was a majority of immigrants who had settled there. The GI Forum was initially formed to demand for medical services for the Mexican American veterans, but it later spread to demanding for voting rights, education and jury selection (Guglielmo 1213). The GI Forum first campaigned against the discrimination that was expressed towards Felix Longoria. In 1954, the court ruled in Hernandez v Texas that Mexican Americans were entitled to equal treatment under the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution. By the 1940s enough Mexican Americans had fought in the Second World War and there was more awareness of their patriotism in the military and hard work in the home front. By the late 50s and 60s there were civil rights movements all across t he globe. Minority groups were demanding for equal treatment. The black civil rights movement headed by revolutionary figures such Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King saw the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. These pieces of legislation also applied to Mexican Americans. After World War II was over, most Mexicans who had settled in most parts of the southwest more so Texas decided to settle permanently in America. This saw a huge population of Mexican Americans in the southwest. The Mexican Americans rallied and demanded for their rights and this is why there were acts of anti Mexican discrimination in the area. The Mexican Americans played a huge role in the American army during the Second World War. They sacrificed time with their families and came out in large numbers to serve the country in the war. They did this in the home front as well as in the military. The women and men of Mexican ethnicity dedicated their lives to serving the United States in order to prove their loyalty. The Mexican American also faced acute discrimination during the War. They were segregated from most of the social facilities afforded to the whites such as education, housing, legal aid and employment among others. As the number of Mexican Americans increased in the southwest they began demanding for more rights especially through the GI Forum. Discrimination against Mexican Americans then reduced considerably as there was more representation of Mexican Americans in government. Buy custom The Mexican American Generation essay

Proper Language and Sentence Structure for Academic Writing by Lauren Gartner

Proper Language and Sentence Structure for Academic Writing Proper Language and Sentence Structure for Academic Writing Academic writing is the form of writing that students and others in the world of academia use to communicate their knowledge and informed opinions on a variety of subjects. Academic writing is by definition objective, evidence based, accurate, and written from an impersonal point of view. Notes about the Academic Writing Style The style that you will use to write academic papers is much different than the style that you would use for personal or business communication. For example, when writing in an academic setting, you would never use contractions. You would also never use slang, jargon, or colloquialisms. The rules of academic writing also require that you avoid filler words, vague words (thing, a lot, more), and phrases that can be replaced with one word. Sexist language should also be avoided. Use police officer instead of police man. Avoid using first person pronouns or gender based pronouns. Use they or their instead of he or she. Writing in the second person (you) is also expressly forbidden. Avoid using filler words. Having a good vocabulary will be beneficial to you, but big words will not impress simply because they are big words. Understanding The Conventions of Academic Writing Here are a few rules that may help you to understand what is expected of you when you write a research paper or essay: Your writing should be based on solid research Your goal when writing a research paper should be expressing what the evidence proves, not manipulating evidence to support your opinion Shorter words are often the better choice than longer words Paragraphs must always have a main idea sentence Your thesis should be clear Being concise is extremely important Your papers should have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion Help With Academic Writing Now that you better understand the characteristics of academic writing, let us discuss where you can get writing help both on and off campus. If your campus has a writing center, this is a great place to go and get help with academic writing assignments. The writing center will usually be staffed with assistant instructors or upperclassmen who are willing to volunteer their time to assist you. In some cases, your school's writing center will be internet based. In this case, you can log in to get information on various types of academic papers, rules of citation formats, and to see examples of various papers. If you need additional help, you may be able to find a tutor who can work with you one on one. A final option that many students use at least once are academic writing services. These are services that will write, edit, or proofread your academic papers for you. This is a very good option for students who are truly stuck on an assignment, and who are counting on getting a good gr ade. You can also use these services to help you to learn more about the proper structure and format of academic papers.

Design internship report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Design internship report - Essay Example The unique selling proposition of the firm primarily relates with its brand identities and package design. The company is specialized in package design and creating corporate identities for house brands or food brands. The company has successfully served a number of Canada’s leading brands such as shopper’s drug mart, Tim Horton, Kraft etc. The firm has engaged itself in activities of designing and redesigning for those brands, thus clearly building up the brand images for those clients. As Pigeon’s primary role is package designing, the company was able to gain a profound understanding of corporate identity and consumers as well as become an expert in identity creation and management. Pigeon takes an integrated and comprehensive approach on identity creation and has been known to satisfy its clients by helping them to build clear and strategic brand images. As of the present, Pigeon Branding + Design is operating two offices under the management of the firm†™s president, John Nishida. While one office is located in Oakville the other is based in Quebec. Each office has about 50 employees and since it deals with several big companies, it is divided into different departments such as design team, production team, client service team and financial team. Possessing different departments and a clear division of labor makes the company more functional so that people can concentrate in their own area and work more efficiently towards achieving their specific goals. Responsibilities During my four-week internship at Pigeon*, I worked with the shoppers and Tim Horton design team and have been assigned with a variety of tasks. My primarily responsibilities included assisting graphic designers and helping them with design explorations as well as concept development processes. My main tasks were concerned with design and images research, concept developments and exploration, and also designing mock-ups. Research I have been assigned two types of research tasks, the first being stock image research and, the second, comparative research. Stock images researches are highly time consuming and very crucial in the process of developing concepts as well as exploring package designs. Most projects that Pigeon* branding+ design have are package design projects for foods and house goods. Possessing the right image is very important so that when the image is confirmed, photographers can shoot the photos with the actual product based on the stock images used in the design concepts. So during the task, when a designer asked me to find the images of garnish for crackers or peanut for peanut butter, I searched on stock photo sites and collected the best images I could find, and make a PDF file out of it. This proved to be helpful for the designers, as they could look at all the images in one page and choose the best image from the available options. The second task, involving the comparative research, was related with finding out what ot her companies have done for their brand image. This process also included collecting elements that can give more ideas on the project and keeping them in a specific folder in the Pigeon server, which is accessible to the respective personnel. For this research, I had to find the container structure design that already existed in as well as one which could be used as a container for dipping sauce. It was fun while researching it, because I needed to approach it differently

Critical Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Critical Response - Essay Example Therefore, a liberalist government ensures that all persons are subjected to the same laws (Hobhouse, 2009). A socialist government refers to a government, which is characterized by the basic components of a society that has no social classes. Thus, this form of government aims at controlling all the production and distribution means. According to socialist governments, this control is essential since it does away with competition and makes people equal. Another component of socialism includes the absence of private property. As such, every member of the society gets an equal share of medical care, earnings, and necessities. The main goal of a socialist government is to ensure that all member of society achieve equality, thus eliminating inequality and large gaps between the rich and the poor (Jennings, 2004). Liberalism is different from socialism since liberalism advocates for adherence to the rule of law (Hobhouse, 2009). On the other hand, socialism holds that the state should be the sole producer and distributor of goods and services (Jennings, 2004). One of the governments that have utilized liberalism is the Canadian government. Canadian politics started to be dominated by the idea of liberalism before the 1960s. Liberalism had immense success in Canada as it helped achieve individual rights, liberty, and free markets (Hobhouse, 2009). With regard to socialism, one government that has succeeded in using the ideology is the Chinese government. The People’s Republic of China can be termed as one of the most successful form of a socialist government. Socialism in China has been effective in meeting the goals of the liberal ideology (Jennings,

A Designer Profile Essay Example for Free

A Designer Profile Essay Erin Healy from Florida is the new Queen in the Fashion Industry. She is the champion of the highly coveted â€Å"Top-International-Upcoming-Designer† award. This happened in her latest showcase of designs known as by her name. The designs are stylish and have magnificent accomplishments. They are sparkling, classic and worn easily which explains the reason of their preference by most celebrities. A good example of celebrity clientele is Whitney Thompson America’s Top Model winner. The fact that Erin has three kids does not deter her from pursuing her lifetime dream. She is indeed a rising star and a new amazing talent of style. Her pieces are lustrous and modish which explains their popularity. Her latest collection is composed of cool flirty minuscule dresses decorated by fine hairs and fasten flowers. Healy also integrated elegant tops without straps and camisoles corresponding with shorts as well as coats. She really borrowed from nature by using colors of natural features, a bunch of foreign silk featuring animal stamps and textures. Source: http://www. examiner.om/x-6350-Miami-Fashion-Trends-Examiners~y2010m4d5- Emerging-Designer-Erin-Heasley-winner-of-the-Best-International-Emerging-Designer- of-the-Year The above illustrations are an assortment of a few of Erin Healy Designs in a showcase. Her designs have gained popularity after she scooped the award. According to the upcoming designer, fashion is the gorgeous art that expresses a character and vigor of a person through dressing. She described Miami’s fashion as thrilling. It is full of style, a fit for everyone and it is fashion frontward. She discovered her talent in fashion design while she was still in secondary school. She started by designing own dresses and for friends. Her style descends from a lady with a passion of refined and stylish look. Her favorite models that she enjoys working with locally include; Jordan Healy her daughter and Erin’s friend Lauren Rossi both in Jacksonville. In Miami is Jesika Marcano. Responding to a question on design process, Erin says that is no distinct process. It usually advances from a simple idea that comes to the designer in strange ways like dreams. Immediately an idea comes, she sketches out before she even explores the fabric option. In other cases the type of fabric generates the design. Her favorite designers include; ad Ghandour, L. A. M. B, Coco Chanel and Eduardo de las Casas. Her designs are available at a private showroom Gallery in the Artistree and to her what matters most the confidence on the women that wear her design. The choice of Miami to showcase her design is out of love and passion for the place. She loves the residents, the culture and style. That is why she participated in the Miami International Fashion Week emerging winner challenge and made it to the three top finalists. Miami has helped her to develop her career in a very special way for it is here that her designs came to the limelight. The preparation of a fashion show according to the top designer involves some simple steps. First, develop the story, choose a photographer and settle on the location. Secondly, decide on the make up designers and hair style experts, and prepare a procession of models as well as casting. Thirdly, she will plan a decent and collaborate with other experts to accomplish the glance. Finally is to toil with a renowned DJ and fashion show expert to prepare a fun filled and memorable event full of classy and elegant features. Works Cited Gelhar, Mary. The Fashion Designer Survival Guide. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2008. Henry, Christine. Emerging Designer: Erin Heasley. Miami Fashion. Retrieved on July 23, 2010 from http://www. examiner. com/x-6350-Miami-Fashion-Trends-Examiners~y2010m4d5- Emerging-Designer-Erin-Heasley-winner-of-the-Best-International-Emerging-Designer- of-the-Year.

Snakes And Ladders :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Snakes and Ladders by Gita Mehta is a book that celebrates India and its history. The author provides many short stories that try to show how India is trying to develop as a nation. She tells about the complex religious system, as well as cultural diversity, and the corruption of India’s government. She shows the reader many aspects of the experience of living in India, which Mehta clearly shows that she loves, but she attempts to remain neutral about the issues that she discusses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the Indian nationalists were revolting against the British Empire, it changed the way of life in India. It let women have a more active role in everyday activities. Mehta’s father played a very active role in the revolutions; he used his house as a place for Indian nationalists to hide out for this he was placed in jail for several years. Her uncle was sentenced to seventeen years in a torture camp for different charges. Yet when asked what their worst memory of being under British rule was, they simply provided a simple story with not much significance. Now instead of being under British rule, the India people are under the rule of leaders that view themselves as being the person who drove the British out of India. One thing remains the same though, the people of India view their land as being their own, and that is what is important to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the major problems facing India is poverty among its people. India is one of the ten most industrialized countries in the world, they graduate around five million people from college each year, and they even have a space program more advanced than most European countries. Yet the people of India are still starving, they do not produce enough jobs for all of the college graduates, and despite the fact that they can travel into space, India has underdeveloped irrigation, and electrical grids.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the outskirts of Delhi, the author found people rummaging through garbage dumps. At first she thought that they were just homeless bums, but when she went into the dumps herself she found out that the people had been of a higher class, but tragedy landed them here. The people in the dumps were women and children searching though the dumps for scraps of iron, glass, or cloth. They would then sell these items to a contractor for money.

Nursing and Health Care Essay

1. In 1200 B.C., the ill were treated with a mixture of physical, prayer, and magic spells. Temples were health centers. From the 1st-10th century initial care was at the local bishop’s house. They had deacons and deaconesses. In the 19th century, nurses cared for patients while at the risk of exposure to disease. Nursing in hospitals expanded in the 19th century, but nursing the communities did not increase significantly until 1893 when the Henry Street Settlement opened and focused on the health needs of poor people who lived in tenements in New York City. 2. 3. Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. 4. She saw the role of nursing as having â€Å"charge of somebody’s health† based on the knowledge of â€Å"how to put the body in such a state to be free of disease or to recover from disease.† She was the first nurse epidemiologist who connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. 5. There were no standards to help control disease. Nursing was not a distinct profession. 6. Florence Nightingale-implemented methods to improve battlefield sanitation, which ultimately reduced illness, infection, and mortality. Clara Barton- 1st woman to gain employment in the federal government and is the founder of the American Red Cross and tended to soldiers on the battlefield, cleansing their wounds, meeting their basic needs and comforting them in death. Dorothea Lynde Dix-School teacher, founded schools, advocate for the mentally ill, formed an army nursing corps, and organized hospitals and ambulatory services. Mary Eliza Mahoney- 1st African-American RN in the USA, concerned with relationships between cultures and races, Cofounder of The National Association of Colored People. Isabel Hampton Robb- founder of modern ANA and American nursing theory, established nursing standards, develop a grading policy, author of nursing textbooks. Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster opened the Henry Street Settlement. 7. Theories are designed to explain a phenomenon such as self-care or caring. A nursing theory is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing. It helps to identify the focus, means, and goals of practice. Theories give us perspective for assessing our patients’ situations and organizing data and methods for analyzing and interpreting information. Integration of theory into practice is the basis for professional nursing. PROFESSIONALISM 1. Caring, Competence, Collaboration, Critical thinking, Commitment to Holistic care, Integrity, Responsibility, and Accountability. 2. A profession requires a basic liberal foundation and an extended education of its members, it has a theoretical body of knowledge leading to defined skills, abilities, and norms, it provides a specific service, members of a profession have autonomy in decision making and practice, and the profession as a whole has a code of ethics for practice. 3. LPN Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)- 2 year program that focuses on the basic sciences and theoretical and clinical courses related to the practice of nursing. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)- 4 year programs that focuses on the basic sciences; theoretical and clinical courses; and courses in the social sciences, arts, and humanities to support the nursing theory Master’s Degree- is important for the roles of a nurse educator and nurse administrator, and it is required for an advanced practice registered nurse Doctoral * Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)- Emphasize more basic research and theory and research-oriented * Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)- practice-focused and provides skills in obtaining expanded knowledge through the formulation and interpretations of evidence-based practice 4. Caregiver- help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process. Advocate- protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. Educator- explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. Communicator- it allows you to know your patients’ strengths, weaknesses, and their needs. Without it you cannot give comfort and emotional support, make decisions with patients and families, give care effectively, protect patients from threats to well-being, coordinate and manage patient care, assist in patient rehabilitation, or provide patient education. Manager- uses appropriate leadership styles to create a nursing environment for the patients and staff that reflect the mission and values of the health care organization. 5. Licensure- Must pass NCLEX to receive license. This provides a standard minimized knowledge base for nurses. 6. Certified by national nursing organizations in about 20 specific areas of nursing practice. After passing an exam, maintain certification by completing CEU’s. 7. According to Benner, an expert nurse passes through five levels of proficiency when acquiring and developing generalist or specialized nursing skills. Novice-beginning nursing student learns via a specific set of rules or procedures. Advanced Beginner-Nurse has had some level of experience, may be observational, but is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care. Competent- establish long-range goals, and has been in the same position for 2-3 years with an understanding of organization and specific care required by the type of patient. Proficient- Same clinical position for 2-3 years, focuses on managing care, and is able to assess an entire situation and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. Expert-can focus on multiple dimensions of a situation and has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem. Skilled at identifying patient-centered problems and problems related to the health care sys tem. 8. 9. Advanced Practice Nurse-most independent nurse, has master’s degree in nursing; advanced education in pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment; and certification and expertise in a specialized area of practice-clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse practitioner, certified nurse midwife, and certified RN anesthetist. Nurse Educator-works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development department of health care agencies, and patient education departments. Must have experience in clinical practice to provide them with practical skills and theoretical knowledge. Nurse Administrator- manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency. Examples: assistant nurse manager, nurse manager, house supervisor, director of nursing, and chief nurse executive or vice president. Nurse Researcher- investigates problems to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice. 10. National League for Nursing-advances excellence in nursing education to prepare nurses to meet the needs of a diverse population in a changing health care environment. American Nurses Association- improves standards of health and availability of health care, to foster high standards for nursing, and to promote the professional development and general and economic welfare of nurses. International Council of Nursing- promote national associations of nurses, improving standards of nursing practice, seeking higher status for nurses, and providing an international power base for nurses. National Student Nurses Association/ Student Nurse Association of PA- consider issues of importance to nursing students such as career development and preparation for licensing. Specialty Organizations- seek to improve the standards of practice, expand nursing roles, and foster the welfare of nurses within specialty areas. Publish journals and present educational programs. 11. 12. Problem-solving approach to clinical practice that involves the conscientious use of current best evidence, along with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values in making decisions about patient care. 13. Ask a clinical question that is problem focused. Collect the most relevant and best evidence. Critically appraise the evidence you gather. Integrate all evidence with one’s clinical expertise and patient preferences and values in making a practice decision or change. Evaluate the practice decision or change. Share knowledge. LEGAL ISSUES IN NURSING PRACTICE 1. Statutory Law- written by state legislature and U.S. Congress-may be a civil or criminal offense. Civil laws protect the rights of individuals within our society and provide for fair and equitable treatment when civil wrongs or violations occur. Fines or community service and examples are malpractice or negligence. Criminal laws protect society as a whole and provide punishment for crimes, which are defined as municipal, state, and federal legislation-felony or misdemeanor. Administrative Law (Regulatory Law)-reflects decisions made by administrative bodies such as State Boards of Nursing when they pass rules and regulations. Common Law-results from judicial decision made in courts when individual legal cases are decided-informed consent, patients right to refuse treatment, negligence, and malpractice. 2. Federal laws- body of laws that were created by the federal government of the country. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Law (EMTALA)- when patient comes to emergency department an appropriate medical screening occurs within the capacity of the hospital- cannot discharge or transfer patient until they are stable. The Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986. Patient Bill of Right- became patient care partnership given out to patients. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)- prohibits discrimination and ensures for persons with disabilities equal opportunities in employment, state and local government services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and transportation. People with HIV do not have to disclose their disability. Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)-requires health care institutions to provide written information to patients concerning their right under state law to make decisions including the right to refuse treatment and formulate advance directives. Patients records need to document whether or not the patient has signed an advance directive. For living wills or durable powers of attorney for health care to be enforceable, the patient must be legally incompetent or lack to the capacity to make decisions regarding health care treatment. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-protects individu als from losing their health care insurance when changing jobs by providing portability. These rules create patient rights to consent to the use and disclosure of their protected health information, to inspect and copy one’s medical record, and to amend mistaken or incomplete information. State Laws-Mandatory Reporting Laws-communicable diseases, school immunizations, suspected neglect and abuse, legal immunity provided to the reporter, may face civil or criminal action if nor reported. Good Samaritan Laws-limit liability and offer legal immunity if a nurse helps at the scene of an accident. Nurse Practice Act- describe and define the legal boundaries of nursing practice within each state. Scope of Practice-perform a procedure in which you have training for, distinguishes between nursing and malpractice. 3. RN-licensed and educated in nursing process and critical thinking; responsible for who you delegate to. LPN- licensed but does not cover assessment of patient. Can collect data but must give to nurse. NA/PCT- not licensed 4. Standards of care are set by ANA and are the legal requirements for nursing practice that describe the minimum acceptable nursing care. Nurse practice act defines scope of nursing practice, distinguishing between nursing and medical practice and establishing education and licensure requirements for nurses. Internal-Standards defined within hospital. External- developed by ANA and TJC-accredited body of the hospital-health department. 5. Established to help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in regards to patient safety. Identify patients correctly. Improve staff communication. Use medicines safely. Prevent infection. Identify patient safety risks. Prevent mistakes in surgery. 6. Advance directive include living wills, health care proxies, and durable powers of attorney for health care. They are based on values of informed consent, patient autonomy over end-of-life decisions, truth telling, and control over the dying process. 7. Living wills represent written documents that direct treatment in accordance with a patient’s wishes in the event of a terminal illness or condition. The patient is able to declare which medical procedures he or she wants or does not want when terminally ill or in a vegetative state. Durable Power of Attorney for health care is a legal document that designates a person or persons of one’s choosing to make health care decisions when the patient is no lo nger able to make decisions on his or her own behalf. 8. 9. 10. Negligence is conduct that falls below a standard of care. Courts define negligence cases as the degree of care that an ordinarily careful and prudent person would use under the same or similar circumstances. 11. Malpractice is a type of negligence and is often referred to as professional negligence. When nursing care falls below a standard of care, nursing malpractice occurs. 12. Assault- any action that places a person in apprehension of a harmful or offensive contact without consent. Battery-any intentional touching without consent. False Imprisonment-unjustified restraint of a person without legal warrant and requires the patient be aware of confinement. Defamation of Character- publication of false statements that result in damage to a persons’ reputation. Invasion of Privacy- the release of a patient’s medical information to an unauthorized person such as a member of the press, the patient’s employer, or the patient’s family. Breach of Confidenti ality-

Microsoft Antitrust Case

There has been a lot of debate recently about Bill Gates within the software industry.   This debate has occurred because Windows is on the majority of personal desktops, which is considered a monopoly in the system.   The problem with having a monopoly is that any software that is written by any company must work with the Windows operating system. That means that all companies must consult with Microsoft before making software.   It also means that Microsoft can effectively destroy a company by refusing to use their software.   Or, Microsoft can create their own products that compete with other companies, and they can include it with the Windows operating system for free.   Since free products that work well with the operating system (and which is conveniently already there) will be chosen over alternatives, Microsoft can severely harm their competitors with this strategy. The lawsuits against Microsoft said that the company was using this power to destroy different companies and to boost their own products. Q2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this country, monopolies are frowned upon.   While this is a capitalist society that allows free market competition, it is assumed that all companies should have an equal chance to participate in the market and to make profits.   This was especially true in the time of the anti-trust laws, when the Clinton administration was in office, an administration that was against big business as a rule.   The verdict handed down was decidedly harsh, calling Microsoft a â€Å"thug† in its business dealings with other companies. These issues do exist in other countries as well.   In fact, some countries will not allow Microsoft to sell their products anymore because of the proprietary software and operating systems that they use.   Countries do not want products that take over the market entirely, they want competition from different products, like the U.S. does. Q3)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people felt that Microsoft was not being at all ethical in the way they were dealing with this issue.   In being freely competitive, companies should do the best they can to promote their products and win the favor of the consumers, but they should not go so far as to make it impossible for other companies to compete. There are other business ethics, as well.   Microsoft should not be forcing their competitors, or those who support their business (the software companies) to write their products or conduct business in any particular way.   However, by writing an operating system that requires software to be produced in specific ways, they are basically forcing companies to do things their way, or to lose the business of almost everyone in America who owns a PC.   Since companies obviously do not want to go under, they are forced to play the game Microsoft’s way. Another issue is that if Microsoft doesn’t like the product a company comes up with, they can force the product off the market by offering their own version of it, which comes bundled with their operating system.   For sheer convenience alone, Microsoft can win that battle every time.   This is unethical because Microsoft only has to decide that they don’t like a product, and they can simply make it disappear. Legally, the U.S. government does not allow monopolies to appear in the business world, for precisely the above reasons.   It allows oligopolies (where a few major companies control the market share relatively equally), but monopolies make it too difficult for new businesses to break into the system.   Also, in Microsoft’s case, it was not only controlling its own section of the industry, but actually the entire industry.   The case’s judge considered this type of behavior â€Å"predatory.† Q4) Microsoft is, of course, the primary player in this case.   It is using its power as the leader in the industry to try to remain the leader, and to control even more of the industry.   Meanwhile, most other software companies, including Novell, Netscape, and PC manufacturer Gateway, are against Microsoft.   They are trying to destroy Microsoft’s monopoly in order to create opportunity for themselves.   Of course, if they were in Microsoft’s position, they would do no differently. All software companies are seeking to lead the industry and have a monopoly, because that is the primary way to make money.   Because these software companies cannot do this while Microsoft is in the way, they are calling for Microsoft’s destruction or separation into smaller companies so that they can have a shot at the big top. The government is also trying to use its power to destroy Microsoft, despite the fact that the Clinton administration has approved more large mergers than any previous administration.   They are making an example of Microsoft because a lot of people are upset about it.   This occurred just before an election year, so they would be attempting to garner political power from this move (as we know, it did not work, and the Democrats lost the White House in 2000). Source McLaughlin, Martin (1999).   â€Å"Behind the Microsoft antitrust case: computer giants battle for market and profits.†Ã‚   World Socialist Website.   Accessed December 7, 2007.   Website: http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/nov1999/micr-n11.shtml

The Existence of Black Holes essays

The Existence of Black Holes essays While there are some physicists who believe that black holes do not exist, there is much data to support otherwise. In fact, much evidence seems to support the existence of black holes. For example, NASA's Hubble Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory seem to have discovered "direct evidence' (NASA 2001) of one characteristic of a black hole. This characteristic is the area that surrounds black holes, which emits very little energy. Michael Garcia states, "By detecting very little energy from these black hole candidates, we have new proof that event horizons exist" (NASA). Furthermore, astronomers have also detected sound waves coming from what they believe to be a black home in the Perseus galaxy cluster. (Discovery 2003) Astronomers have long known that gravity in black holes pulls matter toward them, with matter accelerating the closer it comes to the black hole. Calculations also show that gas surrounding black holes will become hotter. One of the most persuasive cases supporting these theories is Cygnus X-1. (Pasachoff 1991 p. 496) By studying mass, velocity, and X-rays around the star HDE 226868, astronomers believe black holes do exist. Another case supporting the existence of black holes is the discovery of "mid-mass black holes" (Beasley 2001) in Meanwhile, John Cramer explains that this theory grounds itself in the fact that with standard general relativity, "gravity is considered to be geometrical', to be a consequence of the curvature of space produced by nearby mass-energy" (Cramer). In short, because "Because gravitational energy does not produce curvature, it does not respect local energy conservation" (Cramer). Those who support this theory also maintain that another problem with the general relativity theory concerning black holes deals with "space-time singularities'" (Cramer). Because we cannot place ourselves inside a black hole, we do not...

Top 10 Love Quotes from Shakespeare

Top 10 Love Quotes from Shakespeare As this  list of top 10 Shakespearean love quotes suggests, William  Shakespeare remains the world’s most romantic dramatist and poet. He is responsible for Romeo and Juliet and Sonnet 18, the greatest love story and poem ever written. Here are the top Shakespeare love quotes, from his plays and his memorable sonnet: Helena, A Midsummer Nights Dream   Act 1, Scene 1: Helena ponders how Demetrius, instead of falling for her, is becoming enamored of  Hermia: Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind,And therefore is winged Cupid painted blind. Romeo, Romeo and Juliet Act 1, Scene 4:  Romeo tells his friend Mercutio that he is sinking under loves heavy burden with Juliet: Is love a tender thing? it is too rough,Too rude, too boisterous, and it pricks like thorn. The Duke, Twelfth Night Act 1, Scene 1: The Duke addresses the court in his palace, comparing love to a beautiful tune being played by the court musicians: If music be the food of love, play on. Sonnet 18 This is the opening couplet of Bards famous poem in which he compares his lover to a beautiful spring day- and finds her superior: Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Olivia, Twelfth Night   Act 3, Scene 1: Olivia, a countess, is talking to Viola, who has disguised herself as a man and inadvertently attracted Olivias love: Love sought is good, but given unsought is better. Ferdinand, The Tempest Act 3, Scene 1: Ferdinand, whose party has crashed on an enchanted island,  is speaking with Miranda, who was marooned on the island 12 years before, as they fall in love amid magical trickery: Hear my soul speak:The very instant that I saw you, didMy heart fly to your service; there resides,to make me slave to it. Beatrice, Much Ado About Nothing   Act 4, Scene 1:  Beatrice addresses Benedick as they banter  while friends conspire to make them fall in love- and succeed: I love you with so much of my heart that none is left to protest. Portia, ​The Merchant of Venice   Act 3, Scene 2:  This is Portias convoluted way of saying Im all yours! to Bassanio, one of her suitors: One half of me is yours, the other half yours- Mine own, I would say; but if mine, then yours,And so all yours! Romeo, Romeo and Juliet Act 1, Scene 1: Romeo tells his cousin Benvolio about his love for an unnamed woman (Juliet) and how she has so far resisted his advances: Love is a smoke raised with the fume of sighs. Phebe, As You Like It   Act 3, Scene 5:  Phebe tries to tell Silvius that she doesnt love him, having instead fallen for Rosalind, who is disguised as a man named Ganymede. (Phebe is quoting from a poem by Christopher Marlowe; Shakespeare borrowed the line from Marlowes Hero and Leander.): Who ever loved that loved not at first sight?

Can Anyone Steer this Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Can Anyone Steer this Economy - Essay Example The question at hand is of the condition of the family if the value of their home rises while their wages decrease (Mandel). Unfortunately, the statistics to answer these questions are not available, but there are different scenarios that can give a common sense solution to the question at hand. First of all, bonds have hit an acceptable low, which is good news for the home buyer (Mandel). If a homeowner encounters a decrease in their income but their home value increases, the chance of refinancing their home to consolidate their debts at an affordable rate is better with lower interest rates. This can put a family in a stable situation while the money lasts, but with the fluctuating mortgage rates, they may encounter a situation in which refinancing is not an option. On the other hand, if a homeowner's home does not raise in value and their income increases, they may be able to work out a longer term solution rather than refinancing their home. Those with higher incomes are able to contribute more of their money to savings and retirement funds than those with lower wages. That way they are able to have funds available in case of a rainy day. Michael Mandel states in his article that "the broad-based drop in incomes is being driven more by the rise of China and India." He also states that "Globalization has